Rasmussen University: FAQS banner

How do I include "Jr." in an author's name when creating an APA reference?

In the APA Style, suffixes such as "Jr." and "Sr." are included in the Author segment of a reference.  However, academic titles such as Ph.D., M.D., R.N., etc. are  not  included in the author segment of a reference.

If you have an author's name that ends with Jr., Sr., I, II, etc. follow this format for the reference:

citing author with jr

Do not include the suffix (Jr., Sr., etc.) in the in-text citation.  For the example above, the in-text citations would be:

                     (King & Carson, 2001).

                                 OR

                    In the chapter discussing his early life, King and Carson (2001)...

  • Research and Library
  • Last Updated Jun 30, 2020
  • Views 66438
  • Answered By Suzanne Schriefer, Librarian

FAQ Actions

  • Share on Facebook

Comments (0)

Use the form below to ask our team a question!

Need an answer now? Search our FAQs !

How can I find my course textbook?

This service is reserved for Rasmussen students, faculty, and staff. You can expect a prompt response, Monday through Friday, 8:00 AM-4:00 PM Central Time (by the next business day on weekends and holidays).

Questions may be answered by a Librarian, Learning Services Coordinator, Instructor, or Tutor. 

Royal Roads University: WriteAnswers banner

  • RRU Writing Centre
  • WriteAnswers

Q. How should I reference an author with "Jr." or "III" in his name?

  • 2 Academic Integrity
  • 47 Academic writing
  • 40 APA Style
  • 33 APA Style: Formatting
  • 108 APA Style: In-text citations
  • 106 APA Style: References
  • 18 Legal citations
  • 15 Paraphrasing
  • 10 Punctuation
  • 24 Quotations
  • 16 Writing Centre information
  • 63 Writing Centre resources

Answered By: Jonathan Faerber (he/him/his) Last Updated: Apr 01, 2023     Views: 29493

APA Style (7th ed.)

Place the Jr. or III after the author's first initials in the reference, and place a comma to separate the initials from the suffix (American Psychological Association, 2020, p. 286)

Lastname, A., Jr. (year). Title of resource. Retrieved from URL

Don't include the Jr. or III in the in-text citation: (Lastname, year, p. X).

American Psychological Association. (2020).  Publication manual of the American Psychological Association  (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

  • Share on Facebook

Was this helpful? Yes 0 No 0

Should I include “Jr.” in an in-text citation?

The MLA Handbook advises, in section 6.2, “In parenthetical citations, use only the part of an author’s name—usually the surname only—necessary to find the entry in the list of works cited” (229). If your works-cited list contains only one entry under a particular surname, that surname will suffice on its own in your parenthetical citation. For example, if you’re citing an interview with the actor Jason Robards, Jr., and are citing no other Robards, do not include “Jr.” in the parenthetical citation, because “Jr.” is not part of the surname and is not needed to identify the correct source in your works-cited list.

If you cite two authors with the same surname and different first names, follow the guidance in the MLA Handbook to include the author’s first initial in your parenthetical citation (6.7). When your cited authors have identical first initials or identical given names as well as identical surnames, you’ll need to include more information. (Before we look at some examples below, remember that sometimes naming cited authors in your prose can simplify parenthetical citation. Include the cited author’s name in parentheses only if you haven’t specified it in your prose.)

For example, if your works-cited list includes interviews with Jason Robards, Sr.; Jason Robards, Jr.; and Jason Robards III, you’ll need to identify those authors as (Robards, Sr.), (Robards, Jr.), and (Robards III) respectively in your parenthetical citations. If you also cite Sam Robards, you’ll need to add first initials to those citations—for example, (J. Robards III) and (S. Robards). Finally, if you cite Jake Robards along with one or more of the Jasons, first initials won’t give readers enough information, so you’ll need to include full given names in your parenthetical citations or in your prose: (Jake Robards), (Jason Robards, Jr.), (Sam Robards), and so on.  

MLA Handbook . 9th ed., Modern Language Association of America, 2021.

Sullivan University: LibAnswers banner

  • Sullivan University Library

How should I reference an author with suffixes (like junior or senior) in their name?

  • 19 APA Citation Style
  • 13 Blackboard
  • 5 Collection
  • 10 Mergent Online
  • 21 Microsoft Teams
  • 20 Policies
  • 23 Research

Last Updated: Mar 01, 2022     Views: 4895

Junior, Senior, the Third (III), etc. are known as suffixes.

  • Example: Lastname, A., Jr. (year). Title of resource. Retrieved from URL
  • Don't include the Jr. or III in the in-text citation: (Lastname, year, p. X).

Links & Files

  • APA LibGuide
  • How do I cite an ebook in APA?
  • How do I cite a website in APA?
  • How do I cite an article?

Related Topics

  • APA Citation Style

Contact the Library

  • Share on Facebook

Was this helpful? Yes 3 No 5

Comments (0)

Banner

APA Style 7th Edition

  • Single Author
  • Two Authors
  • Three to 20 Authors
  • More Than 20 Authors
  • Hyphenated Name
  • Hyphenated Surname
  • Two-part Surname

Names with Suffixes such as Jr. and III

  • Author - Malay Names (without family names)
  • Author - Chinese Names
  • Author - Chinese Names with English Names
  • Author - Indian & Sikh Names (without surname / family name)
  • Inherited Names
  • Conferred titles
  • Local Government Institution as Author
  • Foreign Government Institution as Author
  • Unique Corporate Body Names
  • Organization as Author
  • Group Authors (If more than one organization as author)
  • Conference Names with Numbers
  • Author Unavailable
  • Page Numbers
  • Narrative Citations
  • Parenthetical Citations
  • Combining Citations
  • Articles in Periodicals
  • Encyclopedia
  • Secondary Source
  • Government Document
  • Private Organization Report
  • Conference Papers
  • Electronic Source
  • Webpages and Websites
  • Computer Software / Mobile Apps
  • Other Non-Print Sources
  • Social Media

List by their hyphenated  surname   and  initials.  Use comma to separate initials.

  • << Previous: Two-part Surname
  • Next: Author - Malay Names (without family names) >>
  • Last Updated: Sep 30, 2022 12:07 PM
  • URL: https://umlibguides.um.edu.my/c.php?g=939660
  • Library FAQs

Q. How can I reference 'Jr' in an author name using APA?

  • 9 Academic Integrity Module
  • 19 Borrowing
  • 26 Copyright licensing
  • 9 Creative Commons Licence
  • 4 Document Delivery
  • 6 e-journal
  • 58 General Library
  • 31 Higher Degree Research (HDR)
  • 23 Information
  • 2 Library fees
  • 3 My Library and Off Campus Access Login
  • 5 Newspapers
  • 15 Off-Campus Access
  • 8 Open Access
  • 31 Open Educational Resources (OER)
  • 28 Open Scholarship
  • 31 Open Textbooks
  • 1 Peer Review
  • 7 Printing and Photocopying
  • 9 Publications
  • 2 Reading Lists
  • 24 Referencing
  • 101 Research
  • 10 Research Data Management
  • 6 Research Metrics
  • 18 Researcher Profiles
  • 39 Resources
  • 3 Studiosity
  • 2 Study Smart
  • 3 Study Smart Librarian
  • 17 Textbooks
  • 30 Turnitin for students
  • 24 Western Open Books
  • 8 Western Sydney University Digital Theses

Answered By: The Library Last Updated: Sep 02, 2020     Views: 7503

Suffixes in an author name such as 'Jr', 'Sr' and 'IV' do not need to be included in-text, though you will need to include the suffix in the reference list.

Note: Titles, positions, ranks or academic achievements in author names (e.g. Minister, Prime Minister, Governor-General, PhD) are NOT included with the author name in the in-text citation or reference list entry

  • Share on Facebook

Was this helpful? Yes 5 No 2

Comments (0)

Related topics.

  • Referencing

Enago Academy

How to Handle Author Names in APA Style

' src=

The APA Style uses a basic author-date citation style, where cited references are then listed in an APA Style Reference List, but what happens when the names get complicated? Professional titles like Captain, authors with only one name, and authors who change their names—all of these can cause confusion to those using the APA Style. Luckily, in APA format, there are solutions to all of these questions and more. Read on to learn what to do in the following common sticky situations when:

  • Citing authors with Professional titles or academic credentials like Dr. or Reverend or Captain
  • Citing authors with Single name
  • Citing authors with Name changes
  • Citing authors with Multiple part surnames

Below, you’ll find APA Style examples for all of these, including APA Citations and APA References.

Related: Do you have questions on manuscript drafting? Get personalized answers on the FREE Q&A Forum!

Professional Title

When authors have professional titles referring to their degrees, like Dr. or M.A., these academic credentials are never included in citing the author’s name. But what about other kinds of titles, like Captain or Reverend?

According to Chelsea Lee at the APA Style Blog, the current APA Style guide specifies that almost all professional titles should be left out. Do not include Captain, Reverend, Professor, Honorable, Vice President, or any other business title when writing research papers in APA Style. There are two important exceptions to this rule. First, titles are included for religious leaders like the Pope. Second, titles are included for nobility. Here are some examples:

APA Style Religious Leader Reference

Pope Francis. (2013). Lumen fidei [The light of faith] [Encyclical letter]. Retrieved from http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20130629_enciclica-lumen-fidei.html

APA Style Religious Leader In-Text Citation

(Pope Francis, 2013)

APA Style Nobility Reference

The Prince of Wales (with Juniper, T., & Skelly, I). (2010). Harmony: A new way of looking at our world . New York, NY: HarperCollins.

APA Style Nobility In-Text Citation

(The Prince of Wales, 2010)

Notice that, in the in-text citation for nobility, the article, “The” is included. This differs from many APA Style Citations.

Only One Name

When an author has only one name, how do you cite the Author’s Name? How do you alphabetize an author with only one name? This is an easy one. Always include the full name of the author in both the in-text citation and the reference. For example:

  APA Style One Name Author Reference

Mishawaka. (1965). Mishawaka: An autobiography . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

APA Style One Name Author In-Text Citation

(Mishawaka, 1965)

Name Changes

There may be many reasons for authors to change their names. They may change their surnames after marriage, or take on a hyphenated surname. If they get divorced, they may drop the hyphenation or change back to their original names. Occasionally, an author will inconsistently publish using a middle initial: sometimes John Author, sometimes John Q. Author. What does the APA Style guide require in these cases?

In most instances, it is not necessary to make a note of an author’s name change. If you are using two sources by the same author using different names, simply cite and reference both works normally, using the two different names. If the author’s initials did not change but his or her first name did, you will need to specify the different first names in the reference list, like this:

Author, J. [John] Q. (2017). Title of book … Author, J. [Jane] Q. (2010). Title of book …

If it is useful to the reader and relevant to your method of writing research papers, you may choose to make a note of the name change within the text. For example:

John Author (previously Jane Author; 2016), wrote that life can be difficult for transgendered researchers.

Otherwise, no explicit mention of the name change is required.

Multipart Last Names

Multipart surnames are one of the most confusing name variations in the APA Style Citations. Authors may have surnames consisting of more than one word, or they may have particles preceding their last names like “von” or “van”, which appear as separate words. As if that weren’t enough, some authors may have suffixes like “Jr.” after their surnames.

Mistakes when citing and referencing multipart last names in APA Style are very common. It’s important to know the rules for each of these cases. Luckily, there are no serious complications. Here is a summary of the APA Referencing Style requirements for each of the cases mentioned:

  • For surnames with more than one work (e.g., Gonzalez Gutierrez) include both names in the reference list and the in-text citation. Alphabetize using the first word of the surname.
  • For particles like von and van, include them in both the reference list and the in-text citation. Use them to alphabetize. For example, van Horne should be listed in the references under V, not under H.
  • For suffixes like Jr., include them in the reference list, but do not include them in the in-text citation.

Authors with Two-part Surnames

  • When surnames are hyphenated, make sure to include both names along with the hyphen in the reference list and the in-text citation.
  • When surnames have two parts that is separated by a space but no hyphen, include both in the reference list and the in-text citation. E.g.: Most Spanish names use this format.

More Useful Resources

If your question about APA Referencing was answered in this post, please comment to let us know! If not, there are many other sources of information on Writing Author Names in APA Style. Here are a few resources that you might find useful:

  • How to Capitalize Author Names in APA Style: http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2012/02/how-to-capitalize-author-names-in-apa-style.html
  • APA Citation Style Guide to Author Names, including information on Citing Six or More Authors: http://research.moreheadstate.edu/c.php?g=107001&p=695197
  • How to Reference an Author or Authors in APA Format: https://www.verywell.com/how-to-reference-an-author-or-authors-in-apa-format-2794855
  • Chelsea Lee (2017, May 31) What’s in a Name? Names With Titles in Them . Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2017/05/whats-in-a-name-names-with-titles-in-them.html
  • Chelsea Lee (2017, May 24) What’s in a Name? Authors With Only One Name. Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2017/05/whats-in-a-name-authors-with-only-one-name.html
  • Chelsea Lee (2017, May 10) What’s in a Name? Inconsistent Formats and Name Changes . Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2017/05/whats-in-a-name-inconsistent-formats-and-name-changes.html
  • Chelsea Lee (2017, May 4) What’s in a Name? Two-Part Surnames in APA Style . Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2017/05/whats-in-a-name-two-part-surnames-in-apa-style.html

' src=

Thanks very interesting blog!

Rate this article Cancel Reply

Your email address will not be published.

citing author with jr

Enago Academy's Most Popular

ICMJE Update on Medical Journal Publication (January 2024)

  • Industry News
  • Trending Now

ICMJE Updates Guidelines for Medical Journal Publication, Emphasizes on Inclusivity and AI Transparency

The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) recently updated its recommendations for best practices…

manuscript writing with AI

  • AI in Academia
  • Infographic
  • Manuscripts & Grants
  • Reporting Research

Can AI Tools Prepare a Research Manuscript From Scratch? — A comprehensive guide

As technology continues to advance, the question of whether artificial intelligence (AI) tools can prepare…

Best Research Methodology

  • Manuscript Preparation
  • Publishing Research

How to Choose Best Research Methodology for Your Study

Successful research conduction requires proper planning and execution. While there are multiple reasons and aspects…

CSE Style Guide

  • Journal Guidelines

How to Use CSE Style While Drafting Scientific Manuscripts

What is CSE Style Guide? CSE stands for Council of Science Editors. Originated in the…

AIP Style Guide

How to Create Publication-ready Manuscripts Using AIP Style Guide

What is AIP Style Guide? The AIP style guide refers to a specific citation format…

What Are the Unique Characteristics of the AMA Style Guide?

citing author with jr

Sign-up to read more

Subscribe for free to get unrestricted access to all our resources on research writing and academic publishing including:

  • 2000+ blog articles
  • 50+ Webinars
  • 10+ Expert podcasts
  • 50+ Infographics
  • 10+ Checklists
  • Research Guides

We hate spam too. We promise to protect your privacy and never spam you.

I am looking for Editing/ Proofreading services for my manuscript Tentative date of next journal submission:

citing author with jr

When should AI tools be used in university labs?

APA Help (7th Ed)

  • Format Your Paper
  • In-Text Citations

Author/Authors

One author or editor, 2 authors or editors, 3-20 authors or editors, more than 20 authors or editors, group author, 2 or more works by the same author, 2 or more works by the same author in the same year, additional name formatting rules, video: authors in an apa reference.

  • References: Articles
  • References: Books
  • References: Online Sources
  • References: Films, Videos, TV Shows
  • References: Social Media
  • References: Other Sources
  • Reference List - Video Tutorials
  • Sample Papers
  • Annotated Bibliographies
  • Zotero This link opens in a new window
  • Books About APA
  • Websites About APA
  • APA Video Tutorials
  • About Plagiarism This link opens in a new window

Last name, First initial(s).

Follett, K. (2020). The evening and the morning . Viking.

Kendi, I. X. (2019). How to be antiracist . One World.

Coates, T.-N. (2015). Between the world and me . Spiegel & Grau.

In-Text Examples

Parenthetical: (Follett, 2020)

Narrative: Follett (2020)...

Last Name, First Initial(s)., & Last Name, First Initial(s).

Green, C. S., & Bavelier, D. (2012). Learning, attentional control, and action video games. Current Biology, 22 (6), R197-R206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.02.012

Parenthetical: (Green & Bavelier, 2012)

Narrative: Green and Bavelier (2012)...

Last Name, First Initial(s)., Last Name, First Initial(s)., Last Name, First Initial(s)., & Last Name, First Intial(s).

Primack, B. A., Carroll, M. V., McNamara, M., Klem, M. L., King, B., Rich, M., Chan, C. W., & Nayak, S. (2012). Role of video games in improving health-related outcomes: A systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 42 (6), 630-638, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.02.023

Parenthetical: (Primack et al., 2012)

Narrative: Primack et al. (2012)...

First 19 authors., . . . Last author.

Arsenault, K. R., Shukla, S., Hazra, A., Getirana, A., McNally, A., Kumar, S. V., Koster, R. D., Peters-Lidard, C. D., Zaitchik, B. F., Badr, H., Jung, H. C., Narapusetty, B., Navari, M., Wang, S., Mocko, D. M., Funk, C., Harrison, L., Husak, G. J., Adoum, A., . . . Verdin, J. P. (2020). The NASA hydrological forecast system for food and water security applications. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 101 (7), E1007–E1025. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0264.1

Parenthetical: (Arsenault et al., 2020)

Narrative: Arsenault et al. (2020)...

Full Name of Group.

Full Name of First Group & Full Name of Second Group

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2020, April). Characteristics of minimum wage workers, 2019 (Report 1085). https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/minimum-wage/2019/home.htm

Belize Central Statistical Office & U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2001). 1999 Belize family health survey: Males . https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/8236

Parenthetical:

  • (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2020)
  • (Belize Central Statistical Office & U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001)
  • The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2020)...
  • The Belize Central Statistical Office and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2001)...

When no person or group can be identified as the author, the title moves to the author spot in the reference.

Sally spreading torrential rainfall, flooding to Georgia, Carolinas, Virginia. (2020, September 17). The Weather Channel . https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/2020-09-17-tropical-depression-sally-forecast-georgia-carolinas-virginia

In-Text Example

Parenthetical: ("Sally Spreading Torrential Rainfall," 2020)

List the works by order of date, oldest to newest. Works with no dates come before works with dates.

Benjamin, K. (n.d.).

Benjamin, K. (2014).

Benjamin, K. (2019).

  • (Benjamin, n.d.)
  • (Benjamin, 2014)
  • (Benjamin, 2019)
  • (Benjamin, n.d., 2014, 2019)
  • Benjamin (n.d.)...
  • Benjamin (2014)...
  • Benjamin (2019)...
  • Benjamin (n.d., 2014, 2019)...

First check to see if a specific date for each work can be found and list them in chronological order. Works with only a year should be listed before works with a more specific date (ex: 2020 would come before 2020, September). If two works have the same publication date, organize them alphabetically by the title of the work. Assign letter suffixes to the year so that readers can find the correct reference from the in-text citation (examples (2019a), (2019b) etc.)

Berndt, T. J. (2004a). Children’s friendships: Shifts over a half-century in perspectives on their development and their effects. Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 50 (3), 206-223.

Berndt, T. J. (2004b). Friendship and three A’s (aggression, adjustment, and attachment). Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 88 (1), 1-4.

  • (Berndt, 2004a)
  • (Berndt, 2004b)
  • (Berndt, 2004a, 2004b)
  • Berndt (2004a)...
  • Berndt (2004b)...
  • Berndt (2004a, 2004b)...

2 Groups as Authors

Hyphenated names, surnames with prefixes, double surnames, names with ii, iii, iv or jr., performance, literary, and celebrity names, social media names, asian names.

Don't use a comma between the two names (unlike the personal names).

  • American Psychological Association & National Institutes of Health
  • Parenthetical: (American Psychological Association & National Institutes of Health, Year)
  • Narrative: The American Psychological Association and National Institutes of Health (Year)...

Keep the hyphens in the names if spelled that way.

  • First name, each capitalized: Billie-Jo Goulais would be Goulais, B.-J. (no space between first name initials)
  • First name, 2nd one not capitalized: Lee-ann Raboso would be Raboso, L.
  • Last name: Julia Louis-Dreyfus would be Louis-Dreyfus, J.
  • (Goulais, Year)
  • (Raboso, Year)
  • (Louis-Dreyfus, Year)
  • Goulais (Year)...
  • Raboso (Year)...
  • Louis-Dreyfus (Year)...

The last name prefixes are included as part of the last name. Include them, keeping the spacing and their preferred capitalization.

  • Leonardo Del Vecchio would be Del Vecchio, L.
  • Rafael van der Vaart would be van der Vaart, R.
  • Bruce McLaren would be McLaren, B.
  • Eilidh MacLeod would be MacLeod, E.
  • Mary Ann O'Shea would be O'Shea, M. A.
  • (Del Vecchio, Year)
  • (van der Vaart, Year)
  • (McLaren, Year)
  • (MacLeod, Year)
  • (O'Shea, Year)
  • Del Vecchio (Year)...
  • van der Vaart (Year)...
  • McLaren (Year)...
  • MacLeod (Year)...
  • O'Shea (Year)...

Some surnames contain more than one part separated by a space.  Many Spanish surnames are formatted this way.  Include all surname parts in both the reference and in-text citation.

Gabriel García Márquez would be García Márquez, G.

Carlos Ruiz Zafón would be Ruiz Zafón, C.

(García Márquez, Year)

(Ruiz Zafón, Year)

García Márquez (Year)…

Ruiz Zafón (Year)…

See also 'Hyphenated Names' tab in this section

When suffixes are part of the name to distinguish them from others of the same name, include them in the reference, but not in the in-text citation. 

  • Martin Luther King, Jr. would be King, M.L., Jr.
  • John Lucas, II would be Lucas, J., II
  • (King, Year)
  • (Lucas, Year)
  • King (Year)...
  • Lucas (Year)...

Do not include titles.

  • President Gerald R. Ford would be Ford, G.R.
  • Colonel Leslie MacDill would be MacDill, L.
  • Christiaan Barnard, MD would be Barnard, C.
  • Rachel Maddow, PhD would be Maddow, R.
  • (Ford, Year)
  • (MacDill, Year)
  • (Barnard, Year)
  • (Maddow, Year)
  • Ford (Year)...
  • MacDill (Year)...
  • Barnard (Year)...
  • Maddow (Year)...

When people are known by a single name, a performance name, or a username, spell it out completely in the same order, not reversing it.

  • Lady Gaga would be Lady Gaga (not Gaga, L.)
  • Banksy would be Banksy
  • Malcolm X would be Malcolm X
  • Plato would be Plato
  • Fe4RLess would be Fe4RLess
  • (Lady Gaga, Year)
  • (Banksy, Year)
  • (Malcolm X, Year)
  • (Plato, Year)
  • (Fe4RLess, Year)
  • Lady Gaga (Year)...
  • Banksy (Year)...
  • Malcolm X (Year)...
  • Plato (Year)...
  • Fe4RLess (Year)...

When social media names include the @ sign, such as on the Twitter and Instagram platforms, use the real name with the @ name in square brackets after. For ones that don’t (Facebook, YouTube, TikTok, etc.), use their real name or if they are only known by their account name, see the example under Performance, Literary, and Celebrity Names .

  • @BillGates would be Gates, B. [@BillGates]
  • Parenthetical: (Gates, Year)
  • Narrative: Gates (Year)...

In some Asian cultures, last names/surnames are listed first, then the first name (Chang Yi-Chun). When publishing in English publications, they may default to the English language order (Yi-Chun Chang). Sometimes the surname is listed in all capital letters (CHANG Yi-Chun). Try to determine the surname. In APA any of the variations of Chang Yi-Chun’s name will be Chang, Y.-C.

2nd Example

  • Kim Jong-un would be Kim, J.
  • (Chang, Year)
  • (Kim, Year)
  • Chang (Year)...
  • Kim (Year)...

APA 7: Authors in an APA Reference

  • << Previous: In-Text Citations
  • Next: References: Articles >>
  • Last Updated: Feb 21, 2024 12:21 PM
  • URL: https://davenport.libguides.com/apa

Banner

APA Style Examples

  • Books/eBooks
  • Gov't/legal
  • Unpublished/Not retrievable
  • Stats/Figures

Author examples for references

  • Ask a Librarian
  • One or more
  • Group authors
  • Multiple by same author
  • EXAMPLE: Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C.
  • EXAMPLE: Author, A. A. (Ed.). 
  • EXAMPLE: Johnson, A.-R. for Amelia-Rose Johnson
  • EXAMPLE: Smith, A. K., Jr., & Jameson, P. R.
  • EXAMPLE: Mardis, L. [Lori].
  •                    Mardis, L. [Laura].
  • EXAMPLE IN TEXT: (Lori Mardis, 2015)

Examples of group authors include government agencies, associations, nonprofit organizations, businesses, etc.   When numerous layers of government agencies are listed as the author of the work, use the most specific agency as teh author in the reference (parent agencies appear in the publisher area).

  • List the full name of the group author in the reference list entry, followed by a period: Department of Energy.

Start the entry with the Title of the Work:

  • Book Example: Maze . (2011). Maryville, MO: Northwest Missouri State University.
  • Newspaper Example: Sharing reference information. (2012, March 1). Northwest Missourian, pp. C1, C2.
  • Web page Example: Rechecking security for human safety appropriate for Kansas City Zoo. (2016, June 1). Retrieved from http://www.kansascity.com/opinion/editorials/article81217142.html
  • References List Example (order by publication date) : Ehrenreich, B. (2001). Nickel and dimed: On (not) getting by in America . New York: Metropolitan Books. Ehrenreich, B. (2007). Dancing in the streets: A history of collective joy . New York: Metropolitan Books.
  • In Text Example (order by publication date in the same parentheses) : (Ehrenreich, 2001, 2007)

For more References List examples, refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association , 7th ed.  pages 280-352. 

Consult the  Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed. , for more examples of author and editor information (page 286, section 9.8-9.11)

  • << Previous: In text
  • Next: Ask a Librarian >>
  • Last Updated: Dec 20, 2023 2:13 PM
  • URL: https://libguides.nwmissouri.edu/apa

Logo for University of Southern Queensland

Want to create or adapt books like this? Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices.

2. Variations in authors/creators

This chapter includes guidelines for how to complete the author-date part of both the in-text and reference list citation for a variety of different author types and combinations. Guidelines for completing the full citation to be included in the reference list can be located in a different section of this guide, depending on the source type of the material.

UniSQ APA 7 Referencing Guide Copyright © by University of Southern Queensland. All Rights Reserved.

Share This Book

Generate accurate MLA citations for free

  • Knowledge Base

Author Names in MLA | Citing One or Multiple Authors

Published on March 27, 2019 by Courtney Gahan . Revised on October 3, 2023 by Shona McCombes.

In MLA style , up to two authors are included in a citation. For sources with more than two authors, the citation is shortened with “ et al. ”

In the Works Cited list , the first author’s name is inverted (surname followed by first name). In an MLA in-text citation , only surnames are included.

The author element specifies the main creator of the source. For audiovisual sources, this may be the director, composer, or painter, for example. The author may also be an organization.

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

Upload your document to correct all your mistakes in minutes

upload-your-document-ai-proofreader

Table of contents

Sources with multiple authors, sources with corporate authors, sources with no author, citing contributors other than authors, double surnames, hyphens, titles, and suffixes, pseudonyms and simplified names, foreign-language names, frequently asked questions about authors in mla.

For each source, list the authors in the order they appear in the source itself ( not in alphabetical order).

Multiple authors in the Works Cited

The first author’s name is always inverted. The last name comes first, followed by a comma, then the first name (and any middle initials, if relevant).

When there are two authors , the second author’s name is not inverted:

When there are three or more authors , only list the first author, followed by a comma and “et al.”:

Multiple authors in in-text citations

In an MLA in-text citation, you may name the author either in parentheses or in the main text.

When there are two authors , simply cite both surnames, separated by “and”.

When there are  three or more authors , cite the first author’s surname followed by “et al.” if the citation appears in parentheses. If you cite in the main text, instead of “et al.”, write “and colleagues” or “and others”.

Here's why students love Scribbr's proofreading services

Discover proofreading & editing

Sometimes sources are created by corporate authors, such as institutions, government agencies, and other organizations, with no individual authors credited. In this case, simply cite the name of the organization in place of the author name.

When citing corporate authors, omit articles (the/a/an) at the start of organization names.

In this example, the publisher is separate from the organization. Sometimes, an organization is both the author and the publisher. In this situation, do not list the organization as author. Instead, start the citation with the source title , and list the organization as the publisher only.

Publications from government agencies

If you are citing a publication from a government agency, start with the name of the government and follow with the name of the agency. Always arrange the entities from largest to smallest.

Note that in the in-text citation, you should abbreviate names longer than four words.

If a source does not specify any author, begin the reference with the title of the work . In the in-text citation, if the title is longer than four words, abbreviate it to the first noun phrase, and ensure that the first word matches the first word of the Works Cited entry.

Some sources are created by many different people. If your discussion of the source focuses on the contribution of someone other than the main author (e.g. when analyzing an actor’s performance or comparing translations of a text), you may cite them in the author position with a label specifying their role (e.g. performer or translator). Don’t include this label in the in-text citation.

Citing the editor of a collection

Usually, when citing an edited collection, you should cite the author of the specific chapter or work . However, if you want to cite an entire collection or anthology, cite the editor(s) in the author position, followed by a label specifying their role. Don’t include the label in the in-text citation.

If an author has more than one surname, include all of them in the surname position. For example, Federico Garcia Lorca would be listed in the works cited as Garcia Lorca, Federico , and in an in-text citation as ( Garcia Lorca ).

If there is a hyphen in the author’s name, keep the hyphen exactly as it appears in the source.

Do not include titles, affiliations, and degrees in source citations. For example, Sir Walter Scott would be listed as Scott, Walter .

If an author has a name with an essential suffix (one that distinguishes them from identically named members of the same family, such as “Jr.” or a roman numeral), include this at the end of the name. For example, John D. Rockefeller IV would be listed as Rockefeller, John D., IV .

When writing in MLA, it is acceptable to use pseudonyms and simplified names of famous authors. It’s usually best to list all of an author’s works under one consistent name, even if different names appear in the sources themselves.

Commonly accepted pseudonyms and simplified names include:

  • Dante Alighieri → Dante
  • Mary Ann Evans → George Eliot
  • Samuel Clemens → Mark Twain

Names from languages that do not use the Latin alphabet, such as Chinese or Russian, may vary in spelling. If this is the case, find the most authoritative variant (i.e. the variant favored by an authoritative source, such as an academic or government publication) and apply that throughout your Works Cited list and in-text citations.

Asian languages

In Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese, the author name will often appear with the surname first, followed by the first name. In this case, do not include a comma between the surname and first name when creating the source reference, as the name is already inverted.

The various articles in French have different rules, which can even depend on the number of syllables in the name.

* English-language context means when the author writes in English but happens to have a French name.

For German names, von is usually considered part of the first name. However, in an English-language context, the von stays with the surname. For example, Von Trapp, Maria .

For Italian names, da , de , del , della , di and d’ are capitalized and treated as part of the surname. For example, Di Costanzo, Angelo .

For Spanish names, de is not treated as part of the surname. For example, Rueda, Lope de . However, del stays with the surname and is always capitalized. For example, Del Rio, Angel .

You may come across some Spanish authors with more than one surname. Often these authors are commonly known by one part of their surname, but you must include the entire last name—and alphabetize according to that—in your Works Cited list. For example, Garcia Lorca, Federico (commonly known as Lorca).

If a source has two authors, name both authors in your MLA in-text citation and Works Cited entry. If there are three or more authors, name only the first author, followed by et al.

If a source has no author, start the MLA Works Cited entry with the source title . Use a shortened version of the title in your MLA in-text citation .

If a source has no page numbers, you can use an alternative locator (e.g. a chapter number, or a timestamp for a video or audio source) to identify the relevant passage in your in-text citation. If the source has no numbered divisions, cite only the author’s name (or the title).

If you already named the author or title in your sentence, and there is no locator available, you don’t need a parenthetical citation:

  • Rajaram  argues that representations of migration are shaped by “cultural, political, and ideological interests.”
  • The homepage of The Correspondent describes it as “a movement for radically different news.”

A standard MLA Works Cited entry  is structured as follows:

Only include information that is available for and relevant to your source.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Gahan, C. (2023, October 03). Author Names in MLA | Citing One or Multiple Authors. Scribbr. Retrieved February 26, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/mla/authors/

Is this article helpful?

Courtney Gahan

Courtney Gahan

Other students also liked, how to format your mla works cited page, a complete guide to mla in-text citations, mla titles: formatting and capitalization rules, what is your plagiarism score.

Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

General APA FAQs

OWL logo

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 6 th edition, second printing of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association , (7 th ed.).

Note:  This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style  can be found here .

The following FAQs address issues in APA citation and/or formatting. The entries in this section are based on frequently asked questions received by our former OWL Mail Tutors. Further information on APA style and citation can be found via the Purdue OWL’s APA Style and Formatting resource.

Do I need to include a running head or not? How do I do this?

If you are writing a paper for publication in a journal, you should include a running head. The running head should be in the header of every page of the document, flush left, in all capital letters; no “running head” label is needed. The running head should be a 50 character or less abbreviated title that focuses on the main idea of the paper; it does not need to contain the same exact words in the same order as the full title.

If you are a student writing a paper for a class, you do not need a running head unless your instructor tells you to include one. If that’s the case, you should follow your instructor’s guidelines; if they have simply told you to include a running head, follow the advice above.

Using APA, how do I cite an author if their work is referenced more than once in a single paragraph?

Here’s what the 7 th  edition of the APA manual says: "In general, include the author and date in every in-text citation... the year can be omitted from a citation only when multiple narrative citations to a work appear within a single paragraph" (pg. 265).

In other words, you should always give the year in a parenthetical citation, such as (Jones, 2020). If you are citing a work multiple times in the same paragraph in the narrative , you may omit the year. For instance:

Jones (2020) studied college students’ interest in various popular dog breeds. Jones brought puppies of six different breeds to a focus group and observed which breeds were most popular.

How do I cite a work that has no listed author in an APA-style paper?

According to the OWL’s resource on APA-style citations, “If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks.” For example, a parenthetical citation for an edition of a dictionary would be: ( Merriam-Webster’s  1993)." The bibliographical citation is as follows:

Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary  (10 th  ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

What do I do if the source-type that I’m using doesn’t appear in any APA reference/style guides?

The APA manual models many specific templates for specific kinds of sources. If the source type you are using doesn’t appear in those templates, you should use the basic format for the category your source falls under:

  • textual works , including journal articles, books, reports, dissertations, or entries in reference works;
  • data sets, software and tests , including types like data sets, scales, inventories, apps, and equipment;
  • audiovisual media , including types like television shows, films, and music;
  • and online media , including social media posts, webpages, and websites.

Each of these reference groups includes several general templates for large categories such as books or websites. Pick the general template that is closest to what you are trying to cite and adapt the format using the elements in the template.

What do I do if a website is missing information required for an APA-style citation?

The APA Style website ’s table shows what to do when one or more pieces of information are missing. For example, if your website has no author, you can use the title in its place in the reference list and in-text. If the work has no date, you can use the abbreviation “n.d.” in its place in the reference list and in-text.

If I co-author a paper, how should the author’s names appear in an APA-style title page?

According to the 7 th  edition of the APA manual, author names should be centered between the side margins. Names with suffixes like Jr. or III, use a space to separate the suffix rather than a comma. List the authors’ institutional affiliations on the next line, with different affiliations each having their own line.

Some examples include the following:

Two authors, one affiliation:

Jamie R. Clark and Owen B. Engel Jr. Harvard University

Three authors, one affiliation:

Andrea Ferris, Brian Atkinson, and Rebecca Schultz University of Michigan

Two authors, two affiliations:

Paul Jacobs 1 and Erin Gibson 2 1 Rhodes College 2 Vanderbilt University

Three authors, two affiliations:

Stacy Johnson 1 , Madeline Ramirez 1 , and Brandon James 2 1 Chicago Medical School 2 Columbia University

I’m including an image in my APA style  PowerPoint  presentation. How do I properly cite the image that I’m going to use?

The answer depends on how you are using the image and where the image comes from. In general, you can cite images using the template found on our resource here . Many images found online are specifically licensed for use by anyone, whether with restrictions (like a Creative Commons license) or without restrictions (public domain). Other images, however, are owned specifically by vendors who will sell you a license to use their property; you should not use these images unless you have purchased the license or they have a Creative Commons or public domain license. When you are giving a presentation in a class or using an image in academic, not for profit work, your use usually falls under fair use guidelines and you can cite it with a copyright attribution, as in this template from the APA 7 th edition manual, p. 390:

From Title of Webpage , by A.A. Author, year, Site Name (DOI or URL). Copyright [year] by Name, OR In the public domain., OR Creative Commons license such as CC BY-NC.

If your presentation will be published, you should obtain permission from the copyright holder as per the guidelines of the publishing organization you’re working with.   You can learn more about copyright and use permission guidelines of the APA here .

How do I cite unpublished works in APA?

Here is the relevant format from the APA manual, 7 th  edition, p. 336:

Unpublished or not-yet-published manuscript with a university cited:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (2020). Title of work [Manuscript submitted for publication]. Department, University . URL.

Blackwell, E., & Conrod, P.J. (2003).  A five dimensional measure of drinking motives [Unpublished manuscript]. Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 

How do I cite pieces of software in APA?

You can find a template for citing software on our  guide to citing electronic sources .

How do I cite my professor’s classroom  PowerPoint  presentations in APA? What about my lecture notes?

Your first choice is to follow the format for online slides on  this page of the Purdue OWL , and to use the login page for the course management system where the slides are stored as the url. You would reference this source in-text as you normally would by the author’s last name and date. For lecture notes, you would write something like [Lecture notes on key Sophists] in place of the title.

Your second choice is to refer to the lecture as personal communication. For an example, please see  this resource on the Purdue OWL .

Please note: personal communication is only cited in-text and not within your References list.

I created and administered my own survey for a project. How would I cite this survey in an APA-style paper?

Since a survey you conducted yourself is not published elsewhere by someone else, you do not cite it in the same way you cite other materials. Instead, in your paper you describe your survey and make it clear that the data you’re referring to is from the survey, usually by saying so in introductory sentences. In your paper, you should include a short overview of your survey method: whom the survey was administered to, how it was administered, how many responses you got, and what kind of questions you asked. You should include a copy of the survey instrument (the full set of questions asked) as an appendix to your paper. You do not need to include your survey in your reference list.

How do I cite state bills in APA?

APA follows the guidelines for legal citations in the United States as outlined in  The Bluebook ®   . You can access a version of The Bluebook by  clicking here .

However, guidelines for references to legal materials can also be found on pages 355-368 in the 7 th  edition of the  Publication Manual of the APA .

The following template reference to a statute in a state code and its explanation can be found on page 361:

Name of Act, Title Source § Section Number (Year). URL

How do I cite artifacts in an APA-style paper?

You can use the citation that best matches the type of artifact; however, if the artifact is not accessible to readers, it may not need to be cited.

How do I cite a product's instructional guide (e.g., the Apple iPad user’s manual) in APA?

While the APA publication manual lists many different references, product instructions are not something that has a specific reference example. Since there is not a specific reference guideline for instructions, you could reasonably adapt the template for reports found on our "Other Print Sources" resource .

How do I cite genealogies in APA?

The APA does not seem to specifically address this issue. Here’s what we’ve been able to find from other sources:

Genealogy.com offers a method of citing birth/death certificates, which can be found by  clicking here  and scrolling down to the “Official Records” section of the page.

Archive.gov also offers suggestions on how to cite birth/death certificates, which can be accessed by  clicking here .

Genealogy.com suggests some other considerations for genealogy-specific sources here .

Please note again that  the APA has not explicitly endorsed these citation guidelines.

  • Essay Check
  • Chicago Style
  • APA Citation Examples
  • MLA Citation Examples
  • Chicago Style Citation Examples
  • Writing Tips
  • Plagiarism Guide
  • Grammar Rules
  • Student Life
  • Create Account

Chicago / Turabian Book Citation

- powered by chegg, create citations for free.

Website Book Journal Other

←Back to Chicago Citation Examples

How to reference a book using the Chicago Manual of Style

The most basic entry for a book consists of the author’s name, the title of the book, publisher city, publisher name, and the year of publication.

Last Name, First Name. Title of Book . Publisher City: Publisher Name, Year Published.

Brown, Dan. The DaVinci Code . New York: Scholastic, 2004.

The first author’s name should be reversed, with a comma being placed after the last name and a period after the first name (or any middle name/initial). The name should generally be written as it appears on the title page, although certain adjustments may need to be made. Titles and affiliations associated with the author should be omitted. A suffix, such as a roman numeral or Jr./Sr. should appear after the author’s given name, preceded by a comma.

For a book written by two or more authors, list them in order as they appear on the title page. Only the first author’s name should be reversed, while the others are written in normal order. Separate author names by a comma.

Smith, John, Jane Doe, and Bob Anderson. The Sample Book . Pittsburgh: BibMe, 2008.

The full title of the book, including any subtitles, should be stated and italicized. If the book has a subtitle, the main title should be followed by a colon (unless the main title ends with a question mark, exclamation point, or dash). The complete title should be followed by a period.

The publication information can generally be found on the title page of the book. If it is not available there, it may also be found on the copyright page. List the publication city, followed by a colon and the publisher name. The publisher name may be given in full or it can be abbreviated. In all cases, introductory articles (e.g. The, A, An) and some business titles (e.g. Inc., Ltd., S.A.) are omitted. Other business titles (e.g. Co., & Co., Publishing Co.) are often omitted, but can be retained. “Books” is usually retained. “Press” may be omitted or retained – if it is used with a university name, it must be retained. The word “University” can be abbreviated as “Univ.” The publisher is followed by a comma, and then the year of publication. End the citation with a period.

If you are citing a specific chapter from the book, include the following information before the book title: the chapter name and a period in quotations, and the text “In”. Also include either the inclusive page numbers of the chapter (along with a period after the year of publication) or the chapter number (along with the text “Chap.”, preceding the “In” text before the book title).

Smith, John. “The First Chapter.” Chap. 1 in The Sample Book . Pittsburgh: BibMe, 2008.

Smith, John. “The First Chapter.” In The Sample Book . Pittsburgh: BibMe, 2008. 12-20.

When a book has no edition number/name present, it is generally a first edition. If you have to cite a specific edition of a book later than the first, you should indicate the new edition in your citation. If the book is a revised edition or an edition that includes substantial new content, include the number, name, or year of the edition and the abbreviation “ed.” in parentheses between the book title and the period that follows it. “Revised edition” should be abbreviated as “Rev. ed.” and “Abridged edition” should be abbreviated as “Abr. ed.” “Second edition, revised and enlarged” can be abbreviated simply as “2nd ed.” The edition can usually be found on the title page, as well as on the copyright page, along with the edition’s date.

Smith, John. The Sample Book . 2nd ed. Pittsburgh: BibMe, 2008.

Smith, John. The Sample Book . Rev. ed. Pittsburgh: BibMe, 2008.

If the book is a reprint edition and is a newly republished version of an older book, include the original year of publication and a period after the period that follows the book title. Place the word “Reprint” and a comma before the publication city. The publication year at the end of the citation should be the year of the book’s reprinting.

Smith, John. The Sample Book . 1920. Reprint, Pittsburgh: BibMe, 2008.

←Back to Chicago Citation Guide

“The art of writing is the art of discovering what you believe.” — Gustave Flaubert

How useful was this post?

Click on a star to rate it!

We are sorry that this post was not useful for you!

Let us improve this post!

Tell us how we can improve this post?

Chicago Citation Guide

  • Book Examples
  • Article Examples
  • Media Examples
  • Internet Examples
  • In-Text Citations
  • Notes (Footnotes and Endnotes)

Invert the first author name (last name, first name) and then list all subsequent authors in proper order:

  • Doe, John and Jane Doe
  • Doe John, Jane Doe, and Jim Smith

Organizations

List organizations in proper order, capitalizing all important words. If you would like to use a common abbreviation, you may do so, provided you include the full name in parentheses.

  • Modern Language Association
  • University of Florida
  • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

Suffixes and Titles

Do not include academic titles such as Dr. or Ph.D. Include Jr. or other name suffixes. Omit titles like King or Saint, as well as places ("of England").

  • King, Martin Luther, Jr.

If pseudonyms are widely known, use them as the name. If you would like to include a real name, place in square brackets.

  • Twain, Mark
  • Galbraith, Robert [J.K. Rowling]

Newspapers with No Author

If you are citing a newspaper article that does not list an author, put the name of the newspaper as the author. If a newswire (such as the Associated Press) is credited, use them as the author.

Associated Press. 2018. "Saudi Arabia: No Evidence Shows It Had a Hand in 9/11 Attack."  New York Times , January 4, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/01/04/us/ap-us-sept-11-attacks-lawsuit.html.

Northwest Herald  (Crystal Lake, IL). 2017. "Tablets to be X-Rayed Separately in New U.S. Airport Security Screening." July 27, 2017. NewsBank.

Place the year only in the second location. Provide a full date if needed later on in the citation.

Mark, Joshua J. 2009. "Socrates." Ancient History Encyclopedia. September 2, 2009. https://www.ancient.eu/socrates/.

If there is no date, include  n.d.  in the second location and provide an accessed date within the citation.

Micallef, Joseph V. n.d. "Origins of the July Crisis: Lighting the Fuse." Military.com. Accessed January 4, 2018. https://www.military.com/history/world-war-i-july-crisis.html.

Not Yet Published

For items that are not yet published (sometimes found through the databases as pre-pub or in press articles), use the word  forthcoming  in the place of the date.

  • Smith, John. Forthcoming. "Article Title" ...

Same Author and Year

If you have two or more citations with the same author and year, include letters to differentiate them, beginning with  a:

  • Smith, John. 2004a.  Title of First Book. ...
  • Smith, John. 2004b.  Title of Second Book. ...

Capitalization

Titles are listed in title case, where all important words are capitalized. Do not capitalize prepositions or articles unless they begin the title or subtitle.

  • A History of the Mediterranean
  • How to Cite in Chicago Style
  • Of Human Bondage
  • African Kingdoms: An Encyclopedia of Empires and Civilizations 

Format titles that stand alone in italics:  

  • government reports

Format titles that are part of something bigger in "quotation marks":

  • chapters in books
  • essays, poems or stories in an anthology
  • entries in a reference book
  • articles in a journal, magazine, or newspaper
  • videos uploaded to YouTube
  • episodes of television or podcasts

Titles of Magazines/Newspapers

Typically the initial  The  is dropped from a magazine or newspaper title:

  • Gainesville Sun

If local newspapers do not include the city in the name, add it in parentheses. Well-known newspapers such as the  Wall Street Journal  do not need an addition:

  • Chicago Tribune
  • News Herald (Panama City, FL)
  • Tampa Bay Times

Retrieval Information

Depending on the type of source you are citing, you may need different types of retrieval information. Examples include:

  • Book  - edition, place of publication, and publisher
  • eBook - place of publication, publisher, and eBook edition
  • Chapter or Entry in a Book  - title, editor, page range, place of publication, and publisher for book
  • Journal Article  - journal title, volume, issue, page numbers, and DOI, URL, or database name
  • Magazine/Newspaper Article - magazine/newspaper title, full date, and URL or database name
  • Web page - website and URL

Publication Information

When including a place of publication, use only the city if it is well known. Include the two letter postal abbreviation for the state if the city is not well known. List only the first city.

  • Washington, DC
  • New Haven, CT

Self-Published Books

If using a self-published book with no listed location, type  Self-published  as the location.

Online Journal Information

If an online journal article has a DOI, use that in the citation. Format the DOI as follows:

  • https://doi.org/ XXXXXXXX

DOIs can be found in the database record or on the first page of the article.

Nichols, Shaun. 2014. "Process Debunking and Ethics."  Ethics  124 (4): 727–749. https://doi.org/10.1086/675877.

If there is no DOI, look for a permalink to the article that can be shared. Typically this is a permalink or Stable URL link. If you have found an article through the database, you will typically not be able to copy the URL in the address bar.

Nichols, Shaun. 2014. "Process Debunking and Ethics."  Ethics  124 (4): 727–749.  http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/675877.

Database Name

If you do not have a DOI or a permalink, instead include the name of the database in which you found the article.

Nichols, Shaun. 2014. "Process Debunking and Ethics."  Ethics  124 (4): 727–749, JSTOR.

For online resources, provide the URL. Do not use URL shorteners like Bit.ly or TinyURL.

  • << Previous: Author-Date
  • Next: Book Examples >>
  • Last Updated: Jan 8, 2024 3:02 PM
  • URL: https://sfcollege.libguides.com/chicago

Commitment to Equal Access and Equal Opportunity

Santa Fe College is committed to an environment that embraces diversity, respects the rights of all individuals, is open and accessible, and is free of harassment and discrimination. For more information, visit sfcollege.edu/eaeo or contact [email protected] .

SACSCOC Accreditation Statement

Santa Fe College is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC). For more information, visit sfcollege.edu/sacscoc .

IMAGES

  1. 3 Ways to Cite an Author in MLA Format

    citing author with jr

  2. How to Cite an Author in MLA Format: 5 Steps (with Pictures)

    citing author with jr

  3. How to properly cite sources within a paper

    citing author with jr

  4. Putting APA References in Alphabetical Order

    citing author with jr

  5. Apa format example 2021

    citing author with jr

  6. Citing Multiple Sources in APA With the Same Author

    citing author with jr

COMMENTS

  1. Jr., Sr., and Other Suffixes in APA Style

    March 29, 2012 Jr., Sr., and Other Suffixes in APA Style by Timothy McAdoo Henry W. "Indiana" Jones Jr.: "I like Indiana ." Henry W. Jones Sr.: "We named the dog Indiana ." Much like the intrepid Dr. Jones, when writing a paper, you never know what riddles you'll have to solve. (Unlike Indiana, you can always ask the APA Style team for help!)

  2. How do I include "Jr." in an author's name when creating an APA

    Answer In the APA Style, suffixes such as "Jr." and "Sr." are included in the Author segment of a reference. However, academic titles such as Ph.D., M.D., R.N., etc. are not included in the author segment of a reference. If you have an author's name that ends with Jr., Sr., I, II, etc. follow this format for the reference:

  3. How should I reference an author with "Jr." or "III" in his name

    Answered By: Jonathan Faerber (he/him/his) Apr 01, 2023 29482 APA Style (7th ed.) Place the Jr. or III after the author's first initials in the reference, and place a comma to separate the initials from the suffix (American Psychological Association, 2020, p. 286) Example Lastname, A., Jr. (year). Title of resource. Retrieved from URL

  4. Should I include "Jr." in an in-text citation?

    Should I include "Jr." in an in-text citation? The MLA Handbook advises, in section 6.2, "In parenthetical citations, use only the part of an author's name—usually the surname only—necessary to find the entry in the list of works cited" (229).

  5. In-Text Citations: Author/Authors

    In the in-text citation provide the surname of the author but do not include suffixes such as "Jr.". Cite your source automatically in APA Cite Using citation machines responsibly

  6. How should I reference an author with suffixes (like junior or senior

    Place the Jr. or III after the author's first initials in the reference, and place a comma to separate the initials from the suffix (American Psychological Association, 2020, p. 286) Example: Lastname, A., Jr. (year). Title of resource. Retrieved from URL Don't include the Jr. or III in the in-text citation: (Lastname, year, p. X). Links & Files

  7. Names with Suffixes such as Jr. and III

    APA Style 7th Edition Names with Suffixes such as Jr. and III List by their hyphenated surname and initials. Use comma to separate initials. Names with Suffixes such as Jr. and III Hugo Carrington III Cite as : Carrington, H., III. David Ashton Blake Jr Cite as : Blake, D. A., Jr. Last Updated: Sep 30, 2022 12:07 PM

  8. Q. How can I reference 'Jr' in an author name using APA?

    Sep 02, 2020 7316 Suffixes in an author name such as 'Jr', 'Sr' and 'IV' do not need to be included in-text, though you will need to include the suffix in the reference list. Jones, H. W., Jr., & Jones, H. W., Sr. (1941). My adventures in Alexandretta. The Journal of Fictional Archeology, 1, 1-19. https://doi.org/46.34262/56637

  9. Author-date citation system

    Use the author-date citation system to cite references in the text in APA Style. In this system, each work used in a paper has two parts: an in-text citation and a corresponding reference list entry. In-text citations may be parenthetical or narrative.

  10. Jr., Sr., III

    Find it. Write it. Cite it. The Chicago Manual of Style Online is the venerable, time-tested guide to style, usage, and grammar in an accessible online format. ¶ It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound, definitive advice. ¶ Over 1.5 million copies sold!

  11. In-Text Citations: Author/Authors

    Summary: APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 6 th edition, second printing of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual ...

  12. APA In-Text Citations (7th Ed.)

    Published on November 4, 2020 by Raimo Streefkerk . Revised on September 30, 2022. This article reflects the APA 7th edition guidelines. Click here for APA 6th edition guidelines. In-text citations briefly identify the source of information in the body text. They correspond to a full reference entry at the end of your paper.

  13. How to Handle Author Names in APA Style

    Authors with Two-part Surnames. When surnames are hyphenated, make sure to include both names along with the hyphen in the reference list and the in-text citation. When surnames have two parts that is separated by a space but no hyphen, include both in the reference list and the in-text citation. E.g.:

  14. Ordering works on the APA reference page

    This article reflects the 7th edition guidelines of the APA Publication Manual. An APA Style reference page is ordered alphabetically by the first element in the reference entry, usually the first author's last name. Smith, B. H. precedes Thompson, A. G. In more complex situations, this basic guideline may not be enough.

  15. Library Guides: APA Help (7th Ed): Author/Authors

    In-Text Examples. Parenthetical: (Follett, 2020) Narrative: Follett (2020)... If an author or editor has more than one initial, separate them with a period and a space. If a name is hyphenated, retain the hyphen between initials, but do not include a space. See page 286 of the APA manual. Use (Ed.) after an editor's name in a reference.

  16. Authors

    Use commas to separate authors, to separate surnames and initials, and to separate initials and suffixes (e.g., Jr. and III) EXAMPLE: Smith, A. K., Jr., & Jameson, P. R. If the reference list includes different authors with the same surname and first initial, the authors' full first names may be given in brackets EXAMPLE: Mardis, L. [Lori].

  17. 2. Variations in authors/creators

    Variations in authors/creators - UniSQ APA 7 Referencing Guide. 2. Variations in authors/creators. This chapter includes guidelines for how to complete the author-date part of both the in-text and reference list citation for a variety of different author types and combinations. Guidelines for completing the full citation to be included in the ...

  18. Author Names in MLA

    Columbia UP, 2014. When there are three or more authors, only list the first author, followed by a comma and "et al.": 3+ authors in an MLA Works Cited entry Armstrong, Anne K., et al. Communicating Climate Change: A Guide for Educators.

  19. General APA FAQs

    According to the OWL's resource on APA-style citations, "If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks.". For example, a parenthetical ...

  20. How to Cite a Book

    How to reference a book using the Chicago Manual of Style. The most basic entry for a book consists of the author's name, the title of the book, publisher city, publisher name, and the year of publication. Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Publisher City: Publisher Name, Year Published. Brown, Dan. The DaVinci Code. New York: Scholastic ...

  21. How to deal with an author name with "Jr" in Bibliography

    12 I want to cite a paper. The two authors are called Roger Koenker and Gilbert Bassett, Jr. So I tried the following in my reference.bib @article {KoenkerBassett1978, author="Roger Koenker and Gilbert Bassett, Jr.", title="Regression Quantiles", journal="Econometrica", volume="46", number="1", pages="33-50", year="1978" }

  22. Components

    Chicago Citation Guide Author Formatting Invert the first author name (last name, first name) and then list all subsequent authors in proper order: Doe, John Doe, John and Jane Doe Doe John, Jane Doe, and Jim Smith Organizations List organizations in proper order, capitalizing all important words.