endnote bibliography justify

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Answer: Answered By: Aicha Bahij Last Updated: Jul 20, 2020     Views: 3546

When the Endnote reference list centres itself despite all efforts to the contrary, it's due to a hidden Style in Word. To fix this you need to change the style:

• Click the Home tab in Word and find the styles window
• Click the arrow at the bottom right of the styles window
• In the pop-up window, change the Select styles to show option to All styles. Click OK to close the pop-up
• Click the drop-down arrow next to Endnote Reference (also called Endnote Bibliography)
• Choose Modify
• Change the paragraph setting from centred to left-justified. You can also adjust settings such as font size.
• To make more detailed changes to any formatting, click the drop-down arrow next to Formats

There is a screencast to show this process at https://www.screencast.com/t/3JG1QPdK

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Endnote: citation management: format bibliographies.

• Open EndNote, Set Preferences
• Add Citations from Databases
• Using Microsoft Word
• Format Bibliographies
• Syncing Groups
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Up to date guides from EndNote

More comprehensive and up to date EndNote information may be found on these guides from EndNote:

EndNote X9 / EndNote 20

How to: Format Bibliographies

One of the best features of EndNote is formatting your bibliography in almost any style, using a variety of fonts, adapting your favorite style to your own specifications, spacing, numbers or add annotations.

Formatting methods

Method 1: Copy Formatted

• EndNote > select your Output Style (this is the style of your bibliography).
• Select references in your library - use command or control A to select all references.
• References> copy formatted references.
• Open a word document, place the cursor where you want the references to appear.
• Edt > paste.

Method 2: Export references

• EndNote > select your Output Style (this is the style of your bibliography)
• Select the references you with to export. File > Export.
• Select file name, file type and destination ("Save in:") for your bibliography.
• Open the text file you have just created in word and edit or print.

Method 3: Drag and drop : (not all word processing programs support this method, MS word does)

• Select citations from your reference library.
• Hold command or control key and drag references from the library to your word document. -- You can tile your windows: put your cursor on the taskbar; right click the mouse, select show windows side-by-side.
• You may need to select Update Citations and Bibliography.

Create a subject bibliography

• Library > Tools  > Subject Bibliography . Keywords . OK .
• Subject Terms search box corresponds to the keywords field in your library.
• Select subject terms to use as subject headings in your bibliography, or click Select All. OK .
• Your bibliography is formatted on the screen.
• Click Layout button to modify the layout and style of your bibliography:
• Click on the tabs, References , Terms , Page Layout and Bibliography Layout .
• Verify or change the settings.
• Once your bibliography is set up, display with Print Preview , print, or save. Close.
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• Last Updated: Nov 6, 2023 3:47 PM
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• Select the Output Style you wish to use for your bibliography (APA, Chicago, etc.).
• Select the references you want to include in your bibliography.
• Select References/Show Selected References.
• Sort your references so they appear in your desired order. 
• In  EndNote 20 , go to References Menu and select Copy Formatted Reference.
• Open your document.
• Click Paste.            

Copy a Formatted Bibliography

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• Last Updated: Sep 19, 2022 11:29 AM
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Citations and formatting

• EndNote library

1. How do I fix the citation when I have an organizational name as author?

Double-click on the citation in the EndNote library (or select the citation and use Quick Edit) and add a comma after the entry in the author field to differentiate the organizational name from a person.

2. How do I reformat a centered bibliography or remove unwanted numbering?

• In MS Word, from the  Home  tab, open the  Styles Pane
• Select a citation from the bibliography
• In the  Styles Pane  drop down menu, select the highlighted  EndNote Bibliography
• Select the left Justify icon

To remove unwanted numbering, in the same window, open the  Format  drop down and select  Numbering

3. I cannot directly import a citation into EndNote on my MacIntosh computer.

Use a browser other than Explorer or Safari.

4. Whenever I insert page numbers (or open a document that has page numbers) it automatically enters this formula: {page \* MERGEFORMAT}

1. Go to the File tab, then to options, then to advanced options, before clicking Show Document Content.

2. Unselect the box labeled "Show field codes instead of their values"

5. When I insert a citation into my Word document, the in-text citation has a number, and there is no bibliography created. The citation looks like this: {Wyatt, 1978 #3}.

• In Word 2010,  go to the  EndNote Tab > Bibliography > Instant Formatting . Turn on  Instant Formatting
• In Word 2013+,  Turn on  Instant Formatting  from the EndNote Toolbar

(Note: If you have installed a plug-in from another program such as Mendeley in Word, this may also interfere with proper formatting. Removing the plug-in should restore EndNote formatting.)

6. Changes I make to Citations and the bibliography in my Word document get overwritten by EndNote.

Manually typed changes will be lost when you close out of your document. Never manually edit citations or your reference list - it can cause complications with your library and document. To edit in-text citations you must follow the steps below:

• Right-click on the item and choose ''Edit Citation'' from the drop-down menu. Alternatively, access the same command from the EndNote 20 tab in Word and choose ''Edit & Manage Citation(s)''.
• You may need to click the ''Edit Citation'' button next to the reference.
• If you are entering a prefix or suffix, you will need to include any spaces or punctuation. EndNote only displays text (or spaces) entered in these boxes. If you are adding page numbers, enter numerical values only (no 'p' or commas).

If the edits you need to make are not possible through the 'Edit Citations' command or by modifying the output style, you may need to remove the field codes (format as 'plain text'). The citations and the bibliography will become independent from your library, allowing you to make amendments manually. This should only be attempted when you are finished working with EndNote. Removing the field codes cuts the link between EndNote and Word, so subsequent adding or removing citations will not update your bibliography. Make a backup of the document to be safe, then do the following:

• From Word's EndNote tab choose ''Convert Citations and Bibliography'' > ''Convert to Plain Text''.

7. How do I insert citations from more than one library? (Microsoft)

''Insert Selected Citation(s)'' inserts the highlighted citations in the foremost library window. To insert sources from a second library, bring it to the 'front' and highlight the references. Alternatively, you can use ‘'Find Citation(s)'’, which will search all open libraries.

8. The spacing of my in-text citations is incorrect when I use the prefix, suffix and page numbers boxes. 

To ensure spacing of your in-text citation is correct, you must manually input a space after the content in the prefix box and before the content in the suffix box. When adding page numbers ensure only numerical values are entered. Do not type: 'p' or use commas within numbers.

9. I have changed the output style from EndNote, but the style in my paper reverts to Annotated or another style I didn't choose. 

The output style set in EndNote will always be overwritten by the style set in the document. This means that while you may have changed your output style within EndNote desktop, the style in your document may revert to Annotated (or another style you did not choose). This occurs because EndNote assumes you may be working on more than one paper and each may require different styles. To change a document's style you need to change it within the document:

• From the EndNote tab in your document select the output style you want to use from the Style drop-down menu.
• Click the "Update Citations and Bibliography" to format the document using your selected style.

10. How do I change the spacing or font in my bibliography? 

From Word's Endnote tab, select the small box in the bottom right-hand corner to open the Configure Bibliography panel. Select the 'Layout' tab and make the desired changes.

11. How can I create chapter bibliographies? 

You can choose to:

• create a complete bibliography at the end of each document (the default setting for almost all of the supplied output styles).
• create a bibliography for each section in the document (as defined in the styles APA 6th (sections) and Chicago 15th B (sections).
• create a bibliography for each section and also a complete bibliography at the end of the document.

If you need to change the setting in the style you are using in  Microsoft , click on Tools > Output Styles > Edit 'Style' (where Style is the name of the Output Style you are using). Select the Sections option on the left pane to choose the appropriate settings for your style. When you are finished editing, 'Save and Close' the Style from the File menu.  For chapter bibliographies to appear, ensure the document is divided into sections. For example, make each chapter its own section:

• position your cursor at the end of the chapter. From the Page Layout tab in Word, choose the 'Breaks' dropdown menu, and select one of the four options under 'Section Breaks' : Next Page, Continuous, Even Page, or Odd Page.

If you need to change the setting in the style you are using in  macOS , click on Edit > Output Styles > Edit 'Style' (where Style is the name of the Output Style you are using). Select the Sections option on the left pane to choose the appropriate settings for your style. When you are finished editing, 'Save and Close' the Style from the File menu. For chapter bibliographies to appear, ensure the document is divided into sections. For example, make each chapter its own section:

• from the Page Layout tab in Word, choose the 'Breaks' dropdown menu, and select one of the four options under 'Section Breaks' : Next Page, Continuous, Even Page, or Odd Page.

If you want a master bibliography in addition to chapter bibliographies, you will need to do the following:

• Using the original copy of your chapter documents (the ones containing field codes), choose Unformat Citation(s) from the EndNote toolbar.
• From the EndNote tab select 'Convert Citations and Bibliography' > 'Convert to Unformatted Citations'. The citations will revert to their temporary format and the bibliography will be removed.
• Merge all the unformatted document chapters into a master document.
• In the master document, choose Format Bibliography from the EndNote toolbar.
• From the EndNote tab choose 'Update Citations and Bibliography'.
• When complete, make a backup of the master document.
• Choose 'Remove Field Codes' from the EndNote toolbar to make this copy plain text.
• From the Endnote tab choose 'Convert Citations and Bibliography' > 'Convert to Plain Text'.
• The chapter bibliographies can be copied into the new master document from the copy of your chapter documents with the field codes removed.

12. My journal names are not coming out as capitalized?

If One Search sends a record to EndNote with the name of the journal in sentence case rather than title case, editing the record in EndNote will not stop the journal appearing with the wrong capitalisation in your Word document. This is because EndNote remembers the capitalisation of journal names in the  Journals Term List.   You will need to edit the  Journals Term List  before the journal name will display correctly in your Word document. Edit Journals Term List - EndNote 20

Library  tab >  Open Term Lists  >  Journal Terms List  > Highlight the journal name >  Edit Term...  > Edit the journal name in the top box (Full Journal:) >  OK  >  Close

13. How do I fix quotation marks in my EndNote formatted reference list?

EndNote can't produce smart quotation marks, but you can fix this problem inside Word. First, you need to make sure your Proofing options are set to AutoCorrect straight quotes with smart quotes (see  Word's instructions here ). Then you can use the Replace control on your Home Ribbon to find and replace all quotation marks (simply replace " with "). Hit "Replace All" to update all of your quotations marks at once. 

Please note  - EndNote will correct the quotation marks back to straight quotes every time it refreshes its connection to your document, so for your sanity you should leave this step until you have finished adding and editing references using EndNote and have created a Plain Text copy of the document to make your final touches.

• << Previous: FAQ's
• Next: Software >>
• Last Updated: Jul 6, 2023 11:57 AM
• URL: https://beckerguides.wustl.edu/EN

EndNote 20/21 Guide / APA Referencing Guide

• About EndNote 20/21 and APA referencing
• Accessing EndNote 20/21 on campus computers
• Setting the reference style to APA 7th edition
• Navigating EndNote 20/21
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• Social Media
• Using groups
• Searching and sorting your references
• Dealing with duplicate references
• Backing up your EndNote Library
• EndNote tab in Word

Formatting your reference list

• Inserting and editing an in-text citation
• Inserting a secondary citation
• Deleting an in-text citation
• Mac computer EndNote tab loading issue
• What is new in EndNote 21...
• Quick reference guides for using EndNote on Mac & Windows devices

EndNote automatically creates your reference list in your chosen referencing style at the end of your document.  Alter the layout of your reference list by using the Configure Bibliography function in the EndNote tab, you can change the font style and size or the line spacing for your reference list.

Currently when EndNote imports references, while they are in alphabetical order, the list does not have single line spaces between references.

Editing your reference list

1. Open the Word EndNote tab.

2. Check the reference style is set correctly to APA 7th.

3. Click the bottom corner arrow of the  Bibliography section.

4. A pop-up window will open, select the Layout tab.

5. Adjust the reference list's font and size.

• Please note: SIT requires students use size 12 font that is easy to read, such as Times New Roman, Arial or Palatino.  Do not use Courier for essays.

6. Click Text Format to set the title's font, size and attributes (e.g. bold, italics, underline).   Add a title e.g. Reference List. 

7. Adjust the line spacing to either 1.5 lines or double as required by SIT guidelines.

8. Adjust the space after to either 1.5 lines or double.  This puts a space between the references.  These reference list settings will be retained in this assignment.

Video credited to EndNote Training.

EndNote Training. (2021, August 25).  In action: EndNote 20 (Windows) configure bibliography [Video]. YouTube.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkiuTBCLFwU

• << Previous: EndNote tab in Word
• Next: Inserting and editing an in-text citation >>
• Last Updated: Sep 1, 2023 4:50 PM
• URL: https://sitacnz.libguides.com/EndNote20

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EndNote is a reference management solution with both a desktop and online component. When used on the desktop, it may be called “EndNote desktop” or “EndNote on the desktop.” When used online, it may be called “EndNote online.” EndNote X8 & X9 users can synchronize all the references in one desktop library to their online library, and share the entire library with other EndNote X8 or X9 users. Their online library can contain an unlimited number of references and unlimited attachments.

You will be asked to register, if you haven't already. Here is  the Quick Start guide .

Please be aware that the web version of EndNote is more limited than regular EndNote.

Academic departments who want EndNote can go to the JHU portal at  my.jhu.edu  --> Technology --> My Software --> click the catalog link, and search for endnote

EndNote Basic

EndNote basic is a more limited reference management solution that is only available online. EndNote basic users can create an online library with a maximum of 50,000 references and up to 2GB of attachments.

There are two versions of EndNote basic.

• The free version of EndNote basic has 21 styles and a limited number of filters and connection files. This version is available to anybody, with no other purchase required.
• The version of EndNote basic available as part of the Web of Science has thousands of styles and hundreds of filters and connection files. This version is accessible by those whose institution has a subscription to the Web of Science.

For more information, see the EndNote Online Guide from Clarivate .

Written Documentation

• EndNote Online Quick Reference Guide
• EndNote Basic Quick Reference Guide
• Importing/Adding Citations
• Sharing Citations
• Finding Full Text

Removing Duplicates

• Cite While You Write

What's New in EndNote 20?

How to use endnote: a 7-minute tutorial.

Exporting Records from PubMed to EndNote

Exporting Records from Web of Science to EndNote

Manually Adding Citations

Sharing your endnote libraries in endnote 20.

Finding Full-Text Through the JH Catalog

• Open an EndNote Library. In the top menu bar, go to Edit > Preferences > Find Full Text
• In the 'Open URL Path'  box type: https://findit.library.jhu.edu/resolve
• In the 'Authenticate with: URL' box type:  http://proxy.library.jhu.edu/

Note that connecting to Hopkins resources using Johns Hopkins VPN connection may yield higher full text retrieval. Directions for installing VPN are available at the Johns Hopkins VPN Resource Center .

Your settings in Preferences should look like this:

Preferences for Removing Duplicates

Using Cite While You Write

Starting at 14:22, the video below explains how to use EndNote to insert citations into your manuscript.

If Cite While You Write Is Missing in Word

• Open Word 2010.
• Click on the File tab in the left-hand corner.
• Click Options on the left-hand side column/menu.
• When the Word Options window opens, click on Add-Ins in the left-hand column.
• In the Manage drop-down menu (bottom of ain panel), select Disabled Items and click on the Go button.
• The EndNote add-in will show up as Add-in:cite while you write (endnote cwyw.dll).
• Highlight the EndNote add-in and select Enable.
• Close the Disabled Items window.
• At the bottom of the Word Options window, click OK.
• Close and re-open Word 2010.
• Close Microsoft Word, then go to the EndNote X9 Program Files folder. (64-bit machines: C:\Program Files (x86) \EndNote X7\; 32-bit machines: C:\Program Files\EndNote X7\)
• Run Configure EndNote.exe .
• Make sure Configure EndNote components is selected and click Next.
• Select Cite While You Write add-in for Microsoft Office and click Next.
• Click Finish. Note: the message may read that the Configuration was cancelled.
• Open Microsoft Word and look for the EndNote X9 tab in the ribbon.

Then, Restore the EndNote Toolbar for Mac

• Go to File, then Options.
• Click on Add-Ins.
• Click to tick the boxes next to the EndNote add-ins to reactivate.

What's New in EndNote X9?

How to Use EndNote: A 6-Minute Tutorial

Exporting Records from Embase to EndNote

Exporting Records from Cochrane Library to EndNote

Sharing Your EndNote Libraries in EndNote X9

• << Previous: Citation Tools
• Next: Mendeley >>
• Last Updated: Nov 20, 2023 4:10 PM
• URL: https://guides.library.jhu.edu/citing

How to Create Bibliographies with EndNote

• What Is EndNote
• Creating a New 'Library'
• Adding References from OneSearch
• Adding References from Databases
• Adding References Manually
• Editing in EndNote

Using EndNote with Microsoft Word

• Sharing References with EndNote Web

How-to Video Guides

Here are some video guides on how to install and use EndNote:

• Setting up EndNote
• Using EndNote with Word

In addition to storing your references, EndNote is a bibliography maker. It works with Microsoft Word and several other word processors to create formatted bibliographies and citations in your papers. If you install EndNote after you have installed your word processor program, EndNote should update your word processor program and add EndNote options. If you are using Word, to make sure your software has loaded these features open Word: you should see EndNote listed as one of the menu items across the top of the screen. If not, please contact the ITS help desk by phone (685-4000) or submit a service ticket .

To Add Page Numbers in a Citation

In Word, click to highlight the citation you want to add a page number to, then select the Edit & Manage Citation(s) option in the EndNote toolbar menu. This will list all citations in the document, with the selected citation highlighted in the list. EndNote will automatically format the page numbers in the citation according to the currently selected citation style.

To Edit Citations and Bibliography in Word

If you try to edit anything in an in-text citation, footnote, or bibliography created by EndNote in a Word document, it won't let you; anything you add in a citation or bibliography will be deleted. To edit the content of a citation or bibliography in a Word document, you will need to do the editing in EndNote. But, when you are done adding citations to your document, you can create a copy of your Word document that is disconnected from EndNote and will allow you to edit citations and bibliography as regular Word text. To do that, select the Convert Citations and Bibliography option in the EndNote menu, and select to "Convert to Plain Text." Your original document will still be connected to EndNote, but the copy will be all editable plain text.

To Create a Stand-Alone Bibliography

To create a bibliography of some or all sources in an EndNote library, first select the desired citation style in EndNote (in the menu toward the upper left). Then select to highlight all the citations you want in your bibliography. Hold down the Control key (on a PC; for Mac, hold down the Option key) and drag the citations into a Word document. Or, click to highlight one or more or all citations, then right-click on the highlighted citations and choose the option to "Copy Formatted"; then "Paste" that into a Word document.

• << Previous: Editing in EndNote
• Next: Sharing References with EndNote Web >>
• Last Updated: Jul 18, 2023 10:44 AM
• URL: https://libguides.wesleyan.edu/endnote

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How to set references/bibliography page in Word /Endnote?

I am inserting my references into my document however whenever I insert references Endnote always places them on the last page of my document.

How can I tell Endnote that i want it to place all my references on page 32 and not my last page?

• microsoft-word
• bibliography

3 Answers 3

Just move the bibliography (select + cut/paste or drag) to where you want it in your document. Existing and future references will be listed together at this point, as you've now moved the target document-location for the bibliography.

hello fellas i had that problem tooo and it almost killing me :(( finally after working days on it found the solution and it was very easy all u need to do is this:

• right click on your bibliography .
• choose toggle field codes.
• after step2 you will see your long list will turn in to this: {ADDIN EN.REFLIST}.
• now drag it to any place you want. (if you choose all list manually and drag it , your document will crash and functions wont work, so here its is :)))))))) office 2016+ endnote x9(works on x20 too)

You can compile endnotes anywhere in a document. Just position the insertion point where you want the endnotes compiled and insert an Endnote Placement code.

Choose Insert, Footnote/Endnote. Select Endnote, Endnote Placement. Make your selection. Choose OK all the way back out.

This should work the way you want. If not, write back and let us know.

Source - @Laura Acklen http://www.wpuniverse.com/vb/showthread.php?7268-Endnotes-not-on-last-page

• 1 I think he's referring to the EndNote product for referencing not endnotes... –  Dmitry Selitskiy Aug 24, 2011 at 1:34
• Oh just spotted the microsoft-word tag, hopefully @beardbread... interesting name, will clarify =) –  Paul C Aug 24, 2011 at 7:57

You must log in to answer this question.

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Articles EndNote: Moving bibliography to a different location

Endnote: moving bibliography to a different location, may 18, 2022 • knowledge, information.

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EndNote Library Management

• EndNote Quick Start
• EndNote for APA
• EndNote for AMA 11
• Using the EndNote Tools in Word
• Getting Citations from EndNote to MS Word
• Formatting EndNote Citations in MS Word
• Creating Bibliographies with EndNote
• Bibliography from Multiple Documents
• Hyperlink Citations in a Bibliography

Creating Hyperlinks Between In-text Citations and Related References in the EndNote Bib...

• Manuscript Templates and Matcher in Word
• Grouping Multiple Citations
• Missing EndNote Toolbar in Word
• EndNote terminology
• Setting EndNote Preferences
• Working with Libraries in EndNote
• EndNote Term Lists
• EndNote Output Styles
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• Importing into EndNote
• EndNote Export/Import Table
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• Organizing References in Endnote
• Enter References Manually
• Insert EndNote References into PowerPoint This link opens in a new window
• EN Common Questions
• EndNote with Google Docs CWYW (Cite While You Write) This link opens in a new window
• Click the small arrow in the Bibliography section of the toolbar under the EndNote tab
• Select Link in-text citations to references in the bibliography (example from Word 2007 – see below)
• Select Underline linked-in text citations if desired

Links will carry over to the PDF when using the Publish feature in Word.

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What Are Endnotes? | Guide with Examples

Published on March 29, 2022 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on June 7, 2022.

Endnotes are notes that appear at the end of your text in a piece of academic writing. They’re indicated in the text with numbers (or occasionally other symbols). Endnotes are used:

• For citations in certain styles
• To add extra information that doesn’t fit smoothly into the main text

Table of contents

Endnotes vs. footnotes, how to use endnotes, endnotes in chicago style, endnotes in apa style, endnotes in mla style, how to insert endnotes in word, frequently asked questions about footnotes and endnotes.

Endnotes are sometimes confused with footnotes . Footnotes are also used to provide citations and/or supplementary information, but they appear at the bottom of the relevant page instead of all together at the end.

• Clutter your writing less than footnotes, since they’re all grouped together instead of spread throughout the text
• Are less convenient, since the reader has to flip to the back to read the notes
• Are convenient, since the reader finds the additional information on the same page as the relevant part of the text
• Can make your text appear messy, especially if there are a lot of them

You should usually choose either footnotes or endnotes and use them consistently. Your instructor may tell you which style of note to use.

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Endnote numbers appear at the end of the clause or sentence the endnote relates to. The number appears after any punctuation, unless the clause ends with an em dash, in which case it appears before it. There’s no space added after the number.

The general consensus now—though there are dissenting voices 1 —is that this experiment was simply too methodologically flawed to produce valid results. 2

Endnotes are numbered consecutively in the order they appear in your text. Each note has a unique number; don’t repeat the same number even if you cite the same source more than once.

In Chicago notes and bibliography style , you use endnotes (or footnotes) for citations. Either kind of note can also be used to add extra information: further examples, commentary on the sources you cite, or more detailed discussion of ideas you mention in the text.

Place your Chicago endnotes at the end of the relevant clause or sentence. A citation endnote provides full information about a source the first time you cite it, and shortened information for any further citations of that source.

                    1. Hanna Pickard, “What Is Personality Disorder?” Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology 18, no. 3 (September 2011): 182. https://doi.org/10.1353/ppp.2011.0040.

          2. Pickard, “What Is Personality Disorder?” 182.

You should still include a full list of your sources in a bibliography after the endnotes, unless you’re writing a very short paper and have been told you don’t need to.

The endnotes page appears just before the bibliography and starts with the title “Notes” written in bold and centered. The notes themselves are formatted as follows:

• Leave a blank line between endnotes, and single-space the notes themselves.
• Indent the start of each endnote.
• Write the note numbers in normal text, not superscript, followed by a period and then a space.

Either endnotes or footnotes may be used in APA Style to provide additional information. They’re not used for citation; for that you’ll use APA in-text citations instead.

APA endnotes are used to provide copyright attributions where necessary. They can also be used, for example, to elaborate on ideas in the text or provide further examples. Do this sparingly, however; APA cautions against adding unnecessary details.

1 Copyright 2022 by Scribbr. Reprinted with permission.

        2 Admittedly, the issue is not as straightforward as this brief summary suggests. See Prakash (2019) for a more in-depth consideration of …

Endnotes appear on a separate page after the reference list , with the heading “Footnotes” (confusingly, APA doesn’t use the term “endnotes”) in bold and centered at the top.

The notes are written as double-spaced indented paragraphs. Start each note with its number, in superscript and followed by a space.

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MLA in-text citations appear in parentheses in the text, but you can use endnotes to avoid cluttering the text if you need a lot of citations in one place.

MLA endnotes may also be used to provide additional information—any necessary clarifications, further examples, or expansions of ideas covered briefly in the text.

      1 See James 35; Lanning 15–25; and Johnson 77.

       2 Other nations, including Italy and France, were undergoing similar political convulsions during the same period.

List your endnotes on a separate page before the Works Cited list, and title them either “Notes” or “Endnotes.” Indent the first line of each endnote, and start the note with the number in superscript followed by a space. Endnotes should be double-spaced.

It’s straightforward to insert endnotes automatically in many word processors, including Microsoft Word. Just follow these steps:

• Click on the point in the text where you want the endnote number to appear.
• Open the “References” tab at the top, and click on “Insert Endnote.”
• Type something in the endnote that appears at the end of your document.

But if you’re following one of the styles covered above, do adjust the formatting to match their requirements and add a heading for the endnotes page.

Footnotes appear at the bottom of the page they refer to. This is convenient for the reader but may cause your text to look cluttered if there are a lot of footnotes.

Endnotes appear all together at the end of the whole text. This may be less convenient for the reader but reduces clutter.

Both footnotes and endnotes are used in the same way: to cite sources or add extra information. You should usually choose one or the other to use in your text, not both.

To insert endnotes in Microsoft Word, follow the steps below:

• Click on the spot in the text where you want the endnote to show up.
• In the “References” tab at the top, select “Insert Endnote.”
• Type whatever text you want into the endnote.

If you need to change the type of notes used in a Word document from footnotes to endnotes , or the other way around, follow these steps:

• Open the “References” tab, and click the arrow in the bottom-right corner of the “Footnotes” section.
• In the pop-up window, click on “Convert…”
• Choose the option you need, and click “OK.”

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Caulfield, J. (2022, June 07). What Are Endnotes? | Guide with Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved November 21, 2023, from https://www.scribbr.com/citing-sources/endnotes/

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